GLOSSARY

Boson Sampling is a specialized model of quantum computation that involves sampling from the probability distribution of identical bosons (typically photons) scattered through a linear optical network. This quantum approach is designed to perform a tasks that are believed to be computationally intractable for classical computers, and in this way open the door to achieving […]

FTQC, which stands for Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computing, refers to the ability of a quantum computer to continue operating correctly in the presence of errors and faults. It involves sophisticated techniques and architectures that allow quantum computations to proceed reliably even when individual components of the system are imperfect or error-prone, paving the way for large-scale, […]

NISQ, which stands for Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum, refers to the current generation of quantum computers. These devices have several tens to a few hundred qubits and are characterized by their ability to perform quantum operations, but with significant noise and errors that limit their capabilities. The term was coined by John Preskill in 2018 to […]

What is a Photonic Qubit? A Photonic Qubit is a quantum bit encoded in the quantum states of light. At the quantum level light is made up of individual particles called photons. These qubits leverage various properties of photons, such as polarization, path, or time-bin encoding, to represent and process quantum states. Photonic qubits are […]

Quantum as a Service (QaaS) refers to cloud-based platforms that provide access to quantum computing resources over the internet. This model allows users to run quantum algorithms and experiments on real quantum hardware or advanced quantum simulators without the need to own or maintain the physical quantum devices. QaaS makes quantum computing capabilities accessible to […]

Quantum Computing is a revolutionary approach to computation that harnesses the principles of quantum mechanics to process information. Unlike classical computers that use bits (0s and 1s), quantum computers use quantum bits (also known as qubits), which can exist in multiple states simultaneously due to superposition. This unique property, along with quantum entanglement, allows quantum […]

Decoherence is a phenomenon where a quantum system loses its coherence, or quantum behavior, due to interactions with its environment. It’s the process by which the quantum nature of a system “leaks” into the surrounding environment, causing the system to behave more classically and lose its quantum superposition and entanglement properties. In quantum computing, decoherence […]

Quantum entanglement is a fundamental quantum phenomenon where two or more particles become correlated in such a way that the quantum state of each particle cannot be described independently, even when separated by large distances. This surprising connection, famously described by Einstein as “spooky action at a distance,” is a crucial feature of quantum mechanics […]

Quantum Mechanics is a fundamental theory in physics that describes the behavior of light and matter at the molecular, atomic, nuclear, and even smaller microscopic levels. It provides a mathematical framework for understanding and predicting the often-counterintuitive properties of the universe at its smallest scales. Key phenomena in quantum mechanics include superposition, entanglement, quantum interference, […]

Superposition is a phenomenon where a quantum system can exist in multiple states simultaneously. Unlike classical systems that must be in one definite state at any given time, a quantum system in superposition exists as a combination of all possible states. This principle is central to quantum mechanics and forms the basis for many quantum […]

A qubit is the fundamental unit of quantum information, existing in a superposition of two basis states simultaneously. Unlike classical bits, qubits can represent a continuum of states between 0 and 1, enabling the unique computational capabilities of quantum systems.

A Single Photon Source (SPS) is a specialized device or system that can emit exactly one photon at a time, either on demand or with high probability. These sources are fundamental to many quantum technologies, providing the ability to generate individual quanta of light with specific properties, crucial for applications in quantum computing, communication, and […]