A quantum dot (QD) is a nanoscale semiconductor structure that exhibits unique optical and electronic properties due to quantum mechanical effects. These structures are typically a few nanometers in size and can confine electrons in three dimensions, leading to discrete energy levels similar to those of atoms. Quandela utilizes these properties to produce high quality single-photon and entangled-photon sources, which are used to power our quantum computing technology.
The QDs used at Quandela are grown using epitaxial techniques and are then integrated into larger photonic nanostructures allowing for greater control over the emitted photons.
Critical Importance of Quantum Dots in Quantum Technologies
- Single-Photon Sources: Quantum dots are essential for creating single-photon sources, which are crucial for quantum communication and cryptography. These single-photon sources are deterministic, meaning they produce photons on-demand.
- Quantum Computing: Quantum dots can also be utilized as matter-based qubits in quantum computing. This combined with their ability to generate photonic qubits makes them incredibly versatile, especially in hybrid quantum computing architectures.
- Quantum Sensing: Quantum dots enhance the sensitivity of quantum sensors, which are used for high-precision measurements in various fields, including medical diagnostics and environmental monitoring.
- Quantum Networks: Quantum dots play a vital role in the development of quantum networks by enabling efficient photon entanglement and transmission. This is key for building large-scale quantum communication systems
Frequently Asked Questions About Quantum Dots
- What are quantum dots made of? Quantum dots are typically made from semiconductor materials. Some examples include silicon, germanium and gallium arsenide. The specific combination of materials and the growth environment of the QD determine its properties and the properties of the light it emits.
- How do quantum dots emit photons? When a quantum dot is illuminated, typically by a pulse of light, an electron is excited to a higher energy state. As the electron returns to its original state, it releases energy in the form of a single photon.
- Are there quantum dots in my TV? Yes! While the type of QDs Quandela use are specialised to perform high efficiency quantum computing tasks, similar technology has been used to enhance the colour accuracy and brightness of QLED TV’s.
- Do quantum dots need to be cold? Depending on the application, QDs can operate at any temperature. In the case of quantum computing the properties of the QD need to remain stable and consistent. This requires operating the devices at cryogenic temperatures, around 4K (-270°C).